The TOEFL® Internet-based test emphasizes integrated skills and measures all four language skills, including speaking. The content on the test is authentic, and the language is consistent with that used in everyday, real academic settings.

The test has four sections
• Reading measures the ability to understand academic reading matter.
• Listening measures the ability to understand English as it is used in colleges and universities.
• Speaking measures the ability to speak English.
• Writing measures the ability to write in a way that is appropriate for college and university course work.

Test content is based on a “corpus,” or database, of spoken and written language that currently contains more than 2.7 million words, collected from educational institutions throughout the United States.

The spoken language in the database was collected from
• lectures and interactive classes
• labs
• office hours
• study groups

everyday service interactions (for example, at the bookstore or registrar's office). The written language was collected from sources, such as textbooks and course materials.

Listening and reading texts in the test conform to the characteristics of the language in the database.

Internet-Based Testing
Your TOEFL test payment entitles you to

one printed and one online examinee score record up to four official score reports that ETS will send directly to the institutions or agencies you designate when registering for the test Score recipients can be added or deleted online up until 10:00 p.m. (local test center time) on the day prior to the test date. ETS will send an examinee score record to you and official score reports to institutions 15 business days after you take the test. The printed score report that is mailed to you will contain all of the final section scores as well as your total score.

For the Internet-based test, you will receive four section scores and a total score:
• Reading (0-30)
• Listening (0-30)
• Speaking (0-30)
• Writing (0-30) Total Score (0-120)

In addition to numeric scores, your examinee score record also includes performance feedback that indicates your performance level and a description of the kinds of tasks that test takers within the reported range can typically do. Your scores are based on your performance on the questions in the test. You must answer at least one question in each Reading and Listening section, write at least one essay, and complete at least one Speaking task to receive an official score report.

More...
• TOEFL score is valid for two years.
• You can take TOEFL once in a month.
• You can request paper for writing section, but it may delay your score report.
• TOEFL may not be required by students of those countries whose native language is English .

A collection of five ebooks helping you to buy/sell home. A must download for all those who want to buy/sell their houses/properties in this recession. These ebooks will help you to know what things you should see if youre buying a property. Here's the download link:

http://rapidshare.de/files/47278363/property.rar.html

The Polytechnical University of Kabul (PUK) was established on an area of 60 hectars in December 1963. The university has three faculties with 19 sub-departments, including 11 professional and 8 general subject departments.

The PUK is the basic center of the training of professional engineering cadres in Afghanistan. It has trained more than 4.500 specialists to obtain Bachelors of Science, Masters of Science or PhDs. The leaders of most production organizations have graduated from this university.

A third of the academic staff at the PIK are PhDs, two thirds hold Masters of Science-degrees. 55% of them are full-time professors, whereas 45% are associate professors, working in ministries, businesses and industries, facing practical problems of their profession day by day. Hence, by this close link of our staff, we keep alive the connection between theory and the real world's present day problems in Afghanistan.

Unfortunately the war that took place during the last decades in Afghanistan damaged some of the most needed facilities of the university, such as the library, press center, laboratories, mechanical workshops, the water, sewage and power supply system.


Study programs at the Polytechnical University of Kabul


The Polytechnical University of Kabul offers three faculties with 19 sub-departments, including 11 professional and 8 general subject departments.

Faculty of Construction
Construction of Industrial and Civil Building
Construction of Hydrotechnical Constructions
Construction of Roads
Architecture
Drawing and Descriptive Geometry
Islamic Culture

Faculty of Electromechanics
Power Electric Supply for Industrial Institutions, Cities and Villages
Automobiles and Tractors
Physics
Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Higher Mathematics
Foreign Languages

Faculty of Geology and Mining
Geology and Mining
Geology and Exploration of Mines
Geology and Exploration of Petroleum and Gas
Chemical Technology
Engineering Geodesy
General Chemistry
Sports

The Nangarhar University is the second university in Afghanistan, founded in 1962. The main campus is located to the north west of historic city of Jalalabad, the capital of Nangarhar Province. The university has nine colleges, namely, Shari’a, civil law and political science, engineering, agriculture, economics, veterinary medicine, education, literature and languages, and medicine. This is the only university for four provinces in eastern zone; however, 60% of the students come from provinces other than these four.
The medical and education colleges are located in Jalalabad city, while the remaining seven colleges are placed in Daronta, 11 kilometers away from Jalalabad city.
The Medical College is the first college of Nangarhar University. This university developed and established three other colleges, Engineering, Agriculture and Education in 1978. This University developed into five Colleges by establishment of College of Literature and Languages in 1985. The colleges of Economics, Law and Political Sciences, Shariah and Veterinary Sciences established in the year 1993 and it has nine colleges right now and they are:
• Medical Sciences
• Agriculture
• Engineering
• Education.
• Literature & Languages
• Economics
• .Shariah
• Veterinary Sciences
• Law and Political Sciences
Currently, around 5000 students are studying in the Nangarhar University and around 1000 graduate each year. The number of new enrolments reaches to 1500 per year and persistently increases by 15%.
There are 8 three storey buildings as dormitory for more than 3250 students in Daronta, one two floor building for around 500 students in Education College and one in the Medical College.

Nangarhar University has the following numbers of Professors, Lecturers and students:
Number of male Professors and Lecturers 287
Number of female Professors and Lecturers 8
Number of male students 3607
Number of female students 199
Number of students in hostel 3250

Nanagarhar University has two partnerships with San Diego State University in the field of English Program and Engineering. These partnerships has provided the opportunities for curriculum design and capacity building. The partnerships are funded by the World Bank and Streghthening Higher Education Program (SHEP). World Bank through SHEP will provide $ 10 Million for the physical and capacity building of the University under Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund.

Mission

To be a world-class institution of higher education and research, promoting management and technical skills, critical thinking and community service, in order to help develop a prosperous and progressive society.


Philosophy

We are driven by the concept of competency-based management education. The concept connotes the development of abilities to manage self, to manage emerging knowledge and technology, to manage the environment and to manage evolving challenges and opportunities. Our programs are positioned within the context of the New Economy. New Economy issues such as technology, investment, human capital, global trade, and global finance provide the major thrust and the core of our programs and activities.

With our linkages to a vast global network through MIC and the establishment of research centers will help create condition for achieving academic growth and contribute to the economic regeneration and rebuilding of Afghanistan.

History

In 2006, KUMSA partnered with the Management Institute of Canada to build an institute of higher education that was competitive with the rest of the world but affordable to students. KUMSA was registered as a private university with the Afghan government in 2007. Our first class of students began their programs in March 2007.

Facilities

Easily accessible with public transportation, our facility is equipped with 24-hour Internet access, well-equipped computer lab, furnished classrooms, faculty and staff offices, and a growing library.

Board of Directors

Dr. Alya Ahmad is professor and head of the Mass Communication and Psychology department at Preston University Kohat-Peshawar Campus. He also served 4 years as the dean of the school of Social Sciences at Preston University. He earned his bachelor's and master's degrees in psychology from Aligahr University in India and his PhD in Psychology from University of Peshawar, Pakistan. He was also a postdoctoral fellow at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill in the USA. Currently he also serves as the PhD and Masters of Philosophy Program Coordinator at Preston University and resides in Peshawar, Pakistan.

Mr. Noor ul-Haq Ahmadzai is an emeritus professor of Political Science from Kabul University and Balkh University where he taught undergraduate and graduate students for over 16 years. He also served 4 years as the Deputy of Cultural Assembly for Kabul University and as the Afghan Human Rights Commissioner in Mazar-i Sharif. He earned his bachelors and masters degrees in political science from Kabul University. Currently Mr. Ahmadzai resides in Toronto, Canada.

Dr. Sandra Cook is a retired Senior Executive Management Consultant with a great passion in helping with the reconstruction of Afghanistan. She volunteers much of her time now in helping NGOs in Afghanistan create solid business plans and strategy for their organizations. Dr. Cook has over 30 years experience directing and managing global telecommunications strategy of top companies and consulting firms including Motorola, KPMG, San Francisco Consulting, Booz Allen, and SRI International. She earned her bachelors in Philosophy from Kansas University, her master's in economics from the London School of Economics and Political Science and her Masters and PhD in Mathematical Logic from Wayne State University, Michigan. She has also completed the Executive Education Program at Harvard Business School in Massachusetts. Currently Dr. Cook resides in San Francisco, CA but often travels to Afghanistan.

Dr. Alain Hoodashtian is the founder and President of Management Institute of Canada which has campuses in North America, Europe, Middle East, Africa and Asia. He also served as the director of the Montreal Institute of Management and the Kimep Research Institute in Almaty, Kazakhstan. He has been a professor of Political Science, Philosophy, Research Methodology and Management for over 16 years at University of Paris. He was also a visiting professor and scholar at Yale, Montreal International School of Management and various universities in Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe. Dr. Hoodashtian earned his bachelors and masters degrees in Philosophy and PhD in Political Science from University of Paris 8 and Sorbonne in France. Currently he resides in Montreal Canada but often travels to the different MIC locations in Europe, Africa and Asia.

Dr. Evert Jan Deelstra is the Dean and President of the Dutch Delta University in the Netherlands and the Vice President of Management Institute of Canada. He also served as the dean and president of the University of Hanzesteden, Netherlands and director of the Social Faculty at Hogeschool at IJsselland and Saxion University. Dr. Deelstra earned his degrees in Education and Organization from the Groningen State University, Netherlands. Currently he resides in Diepenveen, Netherlands.

Kardan Institute of Higher Education – the first registered and recognized private higher education institution and an affiliated partner of Preston University USA.

In Kardan we are seriously in the business of "Changing Lives" and "Improving Life," for our students. Being the top-ranked institution in the country, it has become a dream for all the citizens of this country to become a part of it. And

Kardan is truly yours because we offer you a supportive, quality, affordable opportunity to acquire the intellectual, cultural, social and economic skills that you need to succeed in this new century. Whether you seek a path to enter employment, or want to advance your professional or academic life, you will find an outstanding faculty and a helpful support staff committed to your success.

If you have a keen desire to learn and the drive to succeed, make Kardan your first choice for the highest quality of education. We are so confident in the programs at Kardan and the faculty and staff that we guarantee the curriculum you complete at Kardan will transfer with you and that you will secure the skills you need for your professional and academic career.

Let people be proud of you and get ready to shape your future. We are excited to be part of it.

Afghanistan into the world-wide family of Preston University affiliated campuses. Kardan joins a network of schools in 25 countries offering high quality education opportunities to enable students to reach their individual academic goals.

Preston University degree programs are rigorous and challenging, and our graduates are sought after by employers who value initiative and dedication. You can expect your studies to be complete and thorough and the results of your education to be rewarding in terms of both personal growth and career potential.

You should demand the most from your school and expect to be treated with dignity and respect at all times. You should also demand the most from yourself by reading carefully, listening attentively during the lectures, and by asking many questions as you study and learn. The results of such efforts will be evident as you progress through your academic programs and earn your degrees.

Learning is a lifelong task, and requires perseverance and effort. Preston University through its international partner, Kardan Institute of Higher Education, is dedicated to helping you achieve your educational goals. We value your trust in us and pledge to earn that trust by providing the best possible education opportunities.

In these dynamic times, the Preston University joins with Kardan to serve the students of Afghanistan. Welcome to our family and best wishes for success in your studies and careers.

Bachelors of Business Administration

Kardan is proud to be the leading business programs provider in Afghanistan. You will gain knowledge and develop the skills necessary for positions of leadership in organizations spanning all sectors of the economy

In Bachelors of Business Administration program you are able to study in a wide variety of business subject, including accounting, finance, management, marketing, human resources, business policy and strategy, entrepreneurship, international business, and information system.

In first year, you will take courses that establish a background in various subject areas related to business administration. The second year concentrates more and more on core business administration subjects and prepares students ready for choosing their career. In the third and final year, you begin to develop a career focus by selecting a major, while continuing to take courses chosen from a variety of business topics. throughout the program, liberal studies and professionally related courses broaden your perspectives and awareness of topical social, human and economic issues. Regular presentations by government and industry guests enhance the relevance of your education.

The duration of Bachelor in Business Administration (BBA) program is four years, consisting nine semesters and carrying 138 credits.
First Semester

* Principles of Accounting
* Principles of Management
* Principles of Marketing
* Afghanistan History
* Business English
* College Algebra


Second Semester

* Principles of Accounting II
* Marketing Management
* Business Mathematics
* Office Management
* English Composition
* Islamic Studies

Third Semester

* Introduction to Psychology
* Retail Management
* Business Communications
* Micro Economics
* Sales Management


Fourth Semester

* Effective Presentation Skills
* Business Statistics
* Introduction to Sociology
* Macro Economics
* Organizational Behaviour
* Public Relations

Fifth Semester

* Quantitative Methods for Business
* Business Ethics
* Introduction to IT
* Mass Media Research
* Financial Management
* Business Law


Sixth Semester

* International Business
* World Trade Organization
* E-Commerce
* Specialization I
* Specialization II
* Specialization III

Seventh Semester

* Entrepreneurship
* Business Policy and Strategy
* Specialization IV
* Specialization V
* Specialization VI
* Specialization VII


Eighth Semester

* Thesis
* Internship


Bachelor of Computer Science


It has been proved that Kardan is the best computer science programs provider in Afghanistan. The curriculum is designed such that will graduate with enough theoretical and practical knowledge and skills which are necessary for a true computer science person.

Our Goal in the BCS is to equip students with the knowledge and skills needed to develop and apply techniques for advancing the interaction between person and machine. This synergy offers the best hope for finding solutions to pressing world problems that require the analysis of vast amount of data.

The Bachelor of Computer Science degree program offers exposure to the various components of computer science. The program starts by providing a solid background in all areas of computer science and later combines advanced theory an practice. This program enriches the broad theoretical and practical with exposure to specialized fields in the area of computer science.

In first year, you will take courses that establish a background in various subject areas related to computer science. The second year concentrates more and more on core computer science subjects and prepares students ready for choosing their career. In the third and final year, you begin to develop a career focus by selecting a major, while continuing to take courses chosen from a variety of computer science topics.

The duration of Bachelor in Computer Science (BCS) program is four years, consisting nine semesters and carrying 138 credits.
First Semester

* Introduction to Computer
* College Algebra
* Probability and Statistics
* Functional English
* Programming Concepts (C++ Basics)
* Afghanistan History



Second Semester

o Programming Language I (C++ Advance)
o Mathematics I (Calculus I)
o Physics
o Data Structure
o Digital Logic Design
o Islamic Studies


Third Semester

o Internet Programming
o RDBMS
o Mathematics II (Calculus II)
o Database Administration
o Programming Language II (VC++)
o Operating System (Linux)



Fourth Semester

* Electronics
* Artificial Intelligence
* Discrete Mathematics
* Computer Organization and Assembly Language
* Data Communication and Networking
* Business Communication


Fifth Semester

*

Computer Architecture
*

Compiler Construction
*

Computer Graphics
*

Programming Language III (OOPS using Java)
*

Software Engineering I
*

Digital Image Processing


Sixth Semester

* ASP.NET
* Multimedia Technology
* VB.NET (Basic)
* Specialization I
* Specialization II
* Specialization III


Seventh Semester

* VB.NET (Advance)
* Numerical Analysis
* Specialization IV
* Specialization V
* Specialization VI
* Specialization VII



Eighth Semester

* Thesis
* Internship

Vision

Our vision is to transform Kabul University into an internationally recognized institution of learning and research, a center of innovative thought and practice serving Afghanistan and the global community.
Mission and Values

Our mission is to educate and train disciplined and creative men and women who are capable of tailoring global knowledge to Afghanistan’s economic, cultural and historical contexts, who can contribute to the creation and application of new knowledge, and who are committed to the Islamic democratic values embodied in Afghanistan’s constitution.

In pursuit of this mission, we are inspired and guided by the following values:

* Our primary responsibility is to preserve, create and transmit knowledge to our students and our nation;
* The principles of academic freedom and responsibility are essential to our faculty’s ability to provide the highest quality of teaching, research and service to Afghanistan;
* Our Islamic values—and those of other faiths and cultures—enrich the academic and social experience of our students, faculty and staff;
* Tolerance, respect for the values and traditions of others, and civil discussion and debate about issues must guide all of our activities and interactions with each other and our society;
* Every member of the University community has the right and duty to contribute constructively to the governance and development of Kabul University;
* A commitment to excellence, integrity, openness and fairness must define the character of our University, our interactions with each other, and our service to our community and nation.

Kabul University will not discriminate against anyone on the basis of race, gender, religion, ethnicity or national origin.

Kabul Medical University is a governmental and autonomic university which provides an optimum, advanced, comprehensive, timely and free medical education.
Formerly known as (Kabul Medical Faculty), it was established in 1932 and was initially maintained by collaboration with two foreign governments, the Turkish and French sponsors. Both cooperators provided KMF with their own body of professionals and study materials, and a sustainable educational system. The Turkish partnership lasted for about 14 years and was followed by the French. After the French took leave, the administration was passed to Afghans themselves as MD Anwari historically took his seat as the first afghan KMF president. His era was a head start to the concomitant development of KMF as every youth in the country stepped up by having ambitions towards the development of their country.
KMF developed into a single self-autonomic University in 2005. It is currently viewed as the imperative institution in the country graduating professionals in fields of Curative, Pediatric, Stomatology and Nursing.
Kabul Medical University is being enrolled for by at least 2700 students and novices. Due to the fact of the rush by graduates across the country aspiring for medical field, each year; it is bound to accept only 30 to 40 newcomers for each of its four divisions.

Mission Statement:

Kabul Medical University is a public institution whose mission is to provide optimum advanced, comprehensive, timely and free medical education.

Formerly known as (Kabul Medical Faculty), it was established in 1932 and was initially maintained by collaboration with two foreign governments, the Turkish and French sponsors. Both cooperators provided KMF with their own body of professionals and study materials, and a sustainable educational system. The Turkish partnership lasted for about 14 years and was followed by the French. After the French took leave, the administration was passed to Afghans themselves as MD Anwari historically took his seat as the first afghan KMF president. His era was a head start to the concomitant development of KMF as every youth in the country stepped up by having ambitions towards the development of their country. KMF developed into a single self-autonomic University in 2005.
As before, it is currently viewed as the imperative institution in the country graduating professionals in fields of Medicine, Pediatric, Stomatology and Nursing.

As a mission for supervising medical institutions across all the provinces, KMU has set firm objectives which would be attained within a decade or less. These objectives certainly define the international based standard educational system that would be enabling its reach; or at least giving it a reputation of adequacy or superiority over other institutions for administration.

The Objectives are:

* Establishment of nursing college
* Building dormitory for male and female students
* Establishment of a research center
* Exchange program of lectures between universities
* Capacity-building programs for staff
* Establishment of a teaching hospital (complex)
* Buliding residential place for KMU lecturers
* Reduction of admissions for improving quality of education (Helps gain focus over chosen limits for development.)

Under the taliban regime the university was disrupted of almost all of its system contents; which included library, classes, curriculum and so forth…
The post-taliban system is on the peak of renovation and statistically there's a 30 percent more remaining work that is needed to be done; which leaves the overall university achievement taking place by 70 percent. Labs and library are up for 80 percent, classes are a 100 percent gain, and the building renovation is accomplished for by 70 percent.

Academic Rules and Regulations:

Program:
The Medical University programs have been revised and updated several times in order to meet the current health need of Afghan citizens.

Admission:
Admission is limited to baccalaureates. Normally admission is based on the applicant scores obtained from Admission Test, which is held at national level once each year. Due to the high number of applicants, usually students with the highest scores enter the medical university.

Language:
All subjects are taught in Dari but most medical terms are either in Arabic, Greek, English or French.

Promotions and Deficiencies:
Student should pass all courses (attain at least 50 points) in each semester in order to promote to the next semester. Students failing in any course should repeat the semester. Students can only once repeat a semester other wise he/she should withdraw the faculty. No student can repeat more than two semesters during the entire years of academy.

Courses and Duration:
The entire duration of medical study is seven years (including one year clerkship) which includes lectures, practical laboratory works, clinical demonstrations, small group works and other assigned duties.
Faculty duration is 7 years with:

* PCB - 1 year
* Para-Clinic - 3 years
* Clinic - 2 years
* Clerkship - 1 year

Attendance:
Regular attendance is required at lectures, laboratories, clerkships, examinations, and other assigned duties.
Graduation Requirements:
To be eligible for the 'Medical University Degree', a student must adequately complete the curriculum of the concerned faculty.

Students:

* Faculty of Medicine: 1944
* Faculty of Pediatrics - 553
* Faculty of Stomatology - 553

Total 2745 students currently enrolled at Kabul Medical Univeristy.

* Male: 60%
* Female: 40%

Staff:

Teaching staff: 213 (among them only 2 have PHD, 150 have master's degree and the remaining 61 have licenses.)

* Female: 23
* Male: 190

There's anticipation over increasing the number of PHD and master's degree qualified lecturers by forty and sixty percent. These plans are said to be achieved in a decade and are set in action from now on.

Other Staff:

* Female: 44
* Male: 140

ACCA
Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA)



The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) is a British chartered accountancy body which was founded in 1904 in UK and is today the largest professional Accountancy body in the UK and the largest to operate on an international basis that offers the Chartered Certified Accountant (Designatory letters ACCA or FCCA) qualification worldwide.



It is one of the world’s largest and fastest growing International accountancy bodies with 115,435 members and 296,000 affiliates and students in 170 countries. The Institute’s headquarters are in London with the principal administrative office being based in Glasgow. In addition the ACCA has a network of nearly 80 staffed offices and other centers around the world.



The ACCA qualification is the most respected and recognized qualification. ACCA is in line with the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) offered in USA and Canada and chartered Accountant (CA) offered in Europe, Asia and Africa. The qualification has a tremendous demand through out the world. The students of any background can join these programs in any part of the world. Examinations are conducted in more than 200 centers in 170 countries.



The ACCA is a founding member body of the Consultative Committee of Accountancy Bodies (CCAB) and the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). The term chartered in ACCA qualification refers to the Royal Charter granted by her Majesty the Queen In the United Kingdom.



The ACCA recognizes the local qualification of any country, which is equivalent to “A “level of the UK universities. Certain paper exemptions are also being offered by ACCA for the relevant higher level local qualification. Candidates of 21 years age with lower than the standard can also join these qualifications. Chartered Certified Accountants are playing important role in the world of economy, Accounting, Finance, Management, Planning and Development are the fields where chartered certified accountants are playing important role. Majority of the Chartered Certified Accountants through out the world are in private practice, which again is a significant contribution to the world of economy.



Since Chartered Certified Accountant is a legally protected term, Individuals who describe themselves as Chartered Certified Accountants must be members of ACCA and , If they carry out public practice engagements, must comply with additional regulations such as holding a practicing certificate, being insured against any possible liability claims and submitting to inspections.

BBA
Bachelor of Business Administration



The Bachelor of Business Administration undergraduate degree program seeks to educate students in the science of Business Administration. All courses within the program are designed for a rapidly changing world with innovation, market-relevance, flexibility and an international focus at their core. The program builds a bridge between the academic environment and the world outside.



The program is intended to prepare students with a good grounding in various fields of business studies such as economics, accounting, management, and marketing. The program equips graduates with the ability to identify, analyze, and solve complex business problems.



The mission of the Bachelor of Business Administration degree program is to provide to students a broad general education and the necessary business knowledge and skills, to prepare students for entry-level positions in organizations, and to stimulate in students a desire for life-long learning.



The core priority of the BBA (General) degree is to provide an educational environment in which students become skilled in actively pursuing discipline specific and tertiary literates, knowledge and critical thinking and understanding.


Objectives and Goals



The Bachelor of Business Administration degree program aims to provide students with a broad general education and the necessary business knowledge and skills to prepare them for entry-level positions in organizations, and to stimulate in students a desire for life-long learning.


Program Objectives

*

Student will demonstrate effective communication skills.
*

Student will effectively use computer technology.
*

Student will develop an awareness of the local culture.
*

Student will acquire adequate accounting knowledge.
*

Student will acquire adequate knowledge in economics, marketing and Management.
*

Students will demonstrate analytical skills in solving business problems.
*

Students will function effectively as a team member.
*

Students will demonstrate an appreciation for learning as a life long process.

Student Related Objectives



*

Understand the nature of the learning task and become actively engaged in identifying their learning needs;
*

Participate in the negotiation and planning of their learning and accept responsibility for outcomes;
*

Believe that they are capable of success;
*

Discuss, apply, reflect on and evaluate their learning;
*

Contribute to the development of new knowledge/understanding;
*

Develop skills in accessing and using appropriate learning resources;
*

Receive adequate guidance, support and feedback on their learning;
*

Interact and form positive relationships with peers and teachers;
*

Feel secure in their learning environment and are prepared to experiment and take risks in developing creative responses;
*

Enjoy the experience of learning and achieving learning goals;
*

Experience physical and cultural security;
*

Enjoy sustained participation in campus life.


BCom
Bachelor of Commerce



The Bachelor of Commerce degree program aims to provide students with a good grounding in various fields of business and an opportunity to specialize in a selected area of business. The majors offered include Accounting, Finance, Human Resource Management, Management and Marketing. All courses within the program are designed for a rapidly changing world with innovation, market-relevance, flexibility and an international focus. The program builds a bridge between the academic environment and the world outside.



A major in Accounting will enable students to understand and critically analyze financial reporting issues and their impact within the framework of the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. They will also develop an understanding of cost and management accounting techniques for planning, decision-making and performance evaluation. Students will be provided a foundation in the procedures of auditing and international taxation.





A major in Finance will allow students to gain an in-depth understanding of the role of financial management in the business firm, including the calculation and use of financial ratios. Students will develop an understanding of how companies choose between possible investments and how they raise capital. They will acquire knowledge about the role of financial institutions particularly the operation of securities markets. The program will equip graduates with the ability to analyze the riskiness of investments and the use of hedging with options and futures to reduce the risk of an investment portfolio.



The Bachelor of Commerce in Human Resource Management is designed to prepare students with a good grounding in various fields of business studies while focusing on the Human Resource Management specialization. The program equips graduates with the ability to identify, analyze and solve complex business problems. From a human resource perspective, students will develop abilities to understand the environment and processes of recruitment and selection, apply concepts and techniques to promote change, manage and develop people and apply appropriate occupational health and safety practices in organizations. The program will provide critical perspectives on the role and functions of HR professionals.



Management is the art and science of planning, coordinating and leading group efforts. It is the mobilizing of human and material resources to achieve organizational goals. Managerial skills include the ability to make sound judgments on issues that arise at work and to achieve objectives through organizational skills. A major in Management aims to provide a basic understanding of how to apply key managerial concepts and theories in the contemporary work environment. The program assists students in developing interpersonal skills and to understand how group dynamics affect individual and group behavior. They develop an understanding of sources of change, barriers to change and effective ways of overcoming them.



A Marketing major provides the skills to generate products and services for which there is a defined customer need and to position the product or service in the market with effective promotion, pricing and distribution strategies. The Marketing major is geared toward problem-solving and management decision making. A major in Marketing seeks to engage students in critical thinking processes, requiring in-depth analysis of qualitative and quantitative market data and development of subsequent marketing strategies. The program equips students with the knowledge and skills to evaluate alternative marketing strategies and commit to a course of action, using financial, organizational, environmental and ethical criteria.



The Bachelor of Commerce (Insurance) is designed to prepare students with a good grounding in various fields of business studies such as economics, accounting, management, and marketing whilst developing a core competence in Insurance. The program equips graduates with the ability, tools and multi-dimensional expertise required in the fields of insurance and risk management from a technical and financial perspective. Analytical, problem solving and critical thinking skills, through the application of a range of risk analysis methods and techniques, will be a key focus. The program provides critical perspectives on the role and functions of professionals within the Insurance industry.



The Bachelor of Commerce (Insurance) is structured so as to develop professionals to be career ready and able to effectively apply competence and implement strategies within the context of the Insurance and risk management arena.



The program strives to provide students with a thorough grounding in the areas of business commerce and Insurance required to excel in today’s increasingly competitive and global environment. The Insurance program develops graduates abilities to:



*

Describe, compare, evaluate and apply a range of perspectives, techniques and methods in risk management and explain the relevance of risk management theories to the everyday practice of insurance.
*

Identify and evaluate the life insurance needs of various customers and align these with the principles on which products are developed.
*

Explain and evaluate the non-life insurance requirements and develop products to meet customers’ expectations.
*

Analyze concepts and principles associated with reinsurance, reinsurance treaties and their benefits to insurance companies, clients and the economy.
*

Participate in the management of marine insurance as relevant to the UAE market and the region.
*

Evaluate legal insurance contracts and the resolve problems, costs and disputes in claims settlement and management.
*

Explain, compare and apply the key principles of Islamic insurance to develop sharia compliant risk management products.
*

Demonstrate and analyze business strategies formulation, their impact on distribution of insurance products and conceptual framework in premium fixation.
*

Analyze, develop and evaluate appropriate marketing strategies to promote insurance and risk management products.


BCS
Bachelor of Computer Science



The Bachelor of Computer Science (BCS) degree provides a general education in many aspects of Computer Science and Software Development. Computers have revolutionized the way we live today. Most facets of our lives depend, to a greater or lesser degree, on computers. From telephone systems to security systems, accounting to marketing, baby monitors to auto-pilot options, every industry, every household and every office is looking to ‘up grade’ itself by means of new technology and new software. This has invariably given rise to a high demand for software developers around the globe. The BCS degree prepares graduates to become a part of this growing industry, through rigorous and intensive practical programming courses, backed by sound concept models.


Objectives and Goals



The Bachelor of Computer Science degree provides a solid foundation in computer science – the study of the algorithmic processes that describe and transform information – focusing on the development of high-level programming skills that can be applied across the widest range of applications. Students will study aspects of the theory, analysis, design, efficiency, programming and applications required for writing computer software to solve problems. A core of programming, problem solving, mathematics, statistics, systems and systems development is supplemented by a wide choice of specialist subjects.


Program Objectives

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Adequate in designing and writing programs for computer applications
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Adequate in writing computer software to solve problems.
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Acquiring adequate knowledge in software development, software engineering, and software architecture
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Acquiring adequate knowledge in databases design and management
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Student will acquire adequate knowledge in Mathematics and Statistics
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Adequate knowledge in computer systems
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Students will function effectively as a team member.
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Encompass all the learning outcomes of computer science into a graduation project of one year duration where the students form teams to develop computer applications
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Student will demonstrate effective communication skills
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Students will develop an awareness of the local UAE culture
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To have the students exposed to important topics and technologies in computer science such as database, languages, artificial intelligence, computer security, computer graphics, human computer interface, real-time software and software engineering, web design, networking and network security, and fundamentals of e-business
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Students will demonstrate an appreciation for learning as a life long process

Student Related Objectives

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Understand the nature of the learning task and become actively engaged in identifying their learning needs;
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Participate in the negotiation and planning of their learning and accept responsibility for outcomes;
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Believe that they are capable of success;
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Discuss, apply, reflect on and evaluate their learning;
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Contribute to the development of new knowledge/understanding;
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Develop skills in accessing and using appropriate learning resources;
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Receive adequate guidance, support and feedback on their learning;
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Interact and form positive relationships with peers and teachers;
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Feel secure in their learning environment and are prepared to experiment and take risks in developing creative responses;
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Enjoy the experience of learning and achieving learning goals;
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Experience physical and cultural security;
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Enjoy sustained participation in campus life.


CAT
Certified Accountant Technician



This is an introductory accounting technician qualification. Although CAT can be obtained as a standalone qualification, it is often the case that individuals study for CAT as an introduction to accountancy prior to starting the professional scheme. It usually takes minimum 1.5 year to complete the Certified Accounting Technician exams. However, there is no restriction on the number of papers that can be attempted in one attempt. Alternative to the CAT qualification include the Association of Accounting Technicians qualification.



Certified Accounting Technician (CAT) provides the opportunity for individuals to obtain recognition for their work in accounting technician by providing assistance to decision makers. In line with the ACCA open entry policy, anyone can enroll him/herself for the ACCA Certified Accounting Technician qualification. The candidate will need to complete up to nine papers designed to test the knowledge before enrolling to ACCA. The candidate has to obtain one year practical training while passing the examination of ACCA certified Accounting Technician the holder of this qualification is also entitled for exemption of the 1st Part of ACCA professional qualification.


Examination Centers:



ACCA/CAT operates over 200 examination centers in 170 countries at each examination session special facilities can be arranged for disabled students, and where appropriate- for example in remoter areas or where religion places restrictions on attendance at regular examination centers ACCA will consider requests to set up alternative exam centers.



The ACCA/CAT examination was introduced in Afghanistan for the first time by Bakhtar University.The examinations are held in Kabul in two sessions, June and December, which are administered by British Council Kabul Afghanistan, scripts are marked in ACCA UK and results are shown in ACCA monthly publications and through internet.



The ACCA/CAT syllabus aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of the knowledge, skills and techniques required for support/medium role in the field of accounts, finance and management. The broad range of subjects is designed to ensure a depth of high quality, relevant knowledge, which can be applied throughout your chosen career.



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The syllabus are divided into three parts;
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All Part-1 and Part-2 Papers are mandatory;
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Part-3 includes both Optional Papers and mandatory Core Papers;

In addition to completing the examinations successfully, students of ACCA are required to obtain a minimum of three years relevant supervised practical experience in order to qualify- ACCA and the Students of CAT are required to obtain a one-year relevant supervised practical experience in order to qualify CATS this practical experience can be taken before, during and after ACCA/CAT examination.

The idea to establish the American University of Afghanistan emerged in 2002, based on the success of other American Universities around the world. In just four years, the American University of Afghanistan has progressed from idea to reality. Today, the University is Afghanistan’s only not-for-profit, non-political, non-sectarian, non-governmental, private and independent, internationally-supported university.


Milestones

2008
In June 2008, United States First Lady Laura Bush announced $40 million (USD) in funding over five years. Later that year, Dr. Athanasios Moulakis was named Acting President. By the end of the year, enrollment in the Undergraduate and Foundation Studies programs had reached almost 350 students.

2007
Chief Academic and Chief Finance and Administration Officers were named and a new Vision and Mission statement and first-ever business and academic plans were adopted to make the American University of Afghanistan fully operational. Very significantly, the University also launched a global fundraising appeal to permit implementation of plans for academic and national leadership. To read the Vision and Mission statement.

2006
The University’s first students entered in March to improve their English-language and study skills in foundation classes, and in September the first credit-bearing undergraduate courses, adult professional courses and adult professional level programs were offered. After an international search, in December Dr. Thomas Stauffer was named the University’s first President and Chief Executive Officer.

2005
In March, United States First Lady, Laura Bush, visited the University site and announced a substantial grant from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to launch the institution. To read Mrs. Bush’s speech, click here.

On a 5-acre interim campus two buildings, heavily damaged in clashes between Afghan and Soviet forces in the 1980s and the factional war that followed, were repaired for office and classroom use. While first staff members were recruited, the Asia Foundation was named fiduciary agent by USAID.

2004
A charter was granted on July 26 by the Afghan Ministry of Higher Education, under Article 46, Chapter 2 of the new Afghan Constitution and Article 445 of the Civil Code, to establish a private university. A feasibility study was initiated by the Coordinating Council of International Universities, based in the United States, to recommend an institutional framework.

In December, the inaugural meeting of the Board of Trustees convened in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, where Dr. Sharif Fayez, Afghanistan's former Minister of Higher Education, was elected President Pro Tempore, serving until April 2007, when he was named "Founder" by the new president and took on duties including liaison with the Afghan government.

2003
In an address before UNESCO, United States First Lady, Laura Bush, announced support to educational initiatives in Afghanistan, and United States Ambassador Zalmay Khalizad gave his strong support for establishing the American University of Afghanistan. To read Mrs. Bush’s speech.

The Afghanistan High Commission for Private Investment offered leases at nominal expense on two parcels of land until 2103, totaling 48 acres, on the southwest edge of Kabul near the gutted Royal Palace to develop a private university. Also, the American University of Afghanistan Foundation was chartered in the State of Delaware (United States) under leadership of Dr. Jacob van Lutsenburg Maas, who later became Foundation president, as a non-profit philanthropic organization to receive these leases. (In 2007, the Foundation became a tax-exempt 501(c)3 organization).

2002
Dr. Sharif Fayez, Afghan Minister of Higher Education, proposed establishment of the nation’s first-ever independent university, and President Hamid Karzai stressed the importance of education in a nation-wide speech.


The American University of Afghanistan prepares men and women for successful service in multiple professional fields through tolerant reflection, disciplined study and practical experience. Students are challenged to grow intellectually in self-confidence and good character as essential qualities for future public and private sector careers and civic leadership.

While celebrating Afghanistan’s cultural heritage, the University promotes harmony and leadership to help sustain a bright national future. In its programs, the University responds to the needs of the nation and region. Academic freedom and responsibility, individual rights, democracy, security, and integrity are core values. Being private and not owned or controlled by any government, the institution is neither profit-making, partisan nor sectarian. Exemplary moral and ethical behavior is demanded of every member of the University community.

At global quality levels, the University provides American style higher education. Features include partnerships with major universities abroad, an emphasis on student achievement, and predominant use of English as the language of instruction and administration. Institutional accreditations, reliance on information technology, community outreach, and institutional citizenship are pursued.

Scholar and practitioner faculty members, able to integrate theory and realism in their work, lead academic programs at foundation, undergraduate, graduate, and adult continuing education instructional levels. Excellent teaching, productive scholarship and research, and caring student services are University hallmarks.

The American University of Afghanistan provides equal opportunity for all. Students are recruited without regard to their demographic profiles, financial capacities, beliefs, English language abilities, or personal histories. To address any individual problem areas, students may participate in transitional learning opportunities before being admitted to regular academic programs.

Academic programs provide students with a bridge to the wider world. General studies and higher education for the professions anchor the curriculum, while student abilities in critical thinking, communications, teamwork, and strong work ethic are heavily promoted. Along with a commitment to responsible citizenship, students are encouraged to exercise sound independent judgment, appreciate alternative viewpoints, and find a positive, forward directed context for their lives.
Managed transparently and efficiently, a self-perpetuating Board of Trustees governs the American University of Afghanistan. Being independent, the institution is financed through tuition and fees, worldwide support, and entrepreneurship.